躺在丛林中生存 —— “Rental Person Who Does Nothing”随想 | Lying in the Jungle of Survival – Musings on “Rental Person Who Does Nothing”

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The English translation is assisted by chatGPT. Please scroll down to the very end of this article to view the English version. 

文末有英语版,中文读者可以自行跳过文末。

虽然这本书是一本非虚构小说,但这篇书评会提到书中的内容,有可能会影响第一次阅读的体验。因此有兴趣的话,请在阅读本文前,先行阅读原书。

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中文版

这本书是我和对象在图书馆的新书推荐区意外碰到的。当时对象拿起了书架上这仅剩的最后一本“Rental Person Who Does Nothing”,正在翻看时,另一位书友从远处风风火火地走过来,留下一句:“It’s an interesting book. Very funny. Very interesting.” 随即飘然而去。我们第一次经历这种来自美国友人的、突如其来、面对面的安利。出于好奇,对象把这本书带回了家。

本对这本书没什么兴趣的我,作为拥有大把时间和大把焦虑的家庭闲散人员,随意地在家打开了这本书。没想到看了第一段之后就彻底沉浸了下去:这位住在东京、土生土长的日本人,把自己包装成为一个“什么都不做的人”来几乎免费地出租自己的时间和精力,到底会衍生出一些怎样的故事呢?又是哪些人需要租赁这样的人呢?前言和后记中甚至提到,在这本书的创作中,rental person也并不是作者,他只负责回答负责人的提问,本书的实际创作由他人完成,真是一以贯之的“do nothing”了。

此书并没有那么具有文学性——或许因为是外语翻译文本,或许因为rental person想要秉承一种“do nothing”的哲学——通篇的文笔都比较直白。另外最后两章读来也有许多重复,让人有些疲乏。但是以“do nothing”为生的创意,和其衍生来的一些故事,给我带来了很多思考:人际交往、友谊、倾诉对象,以及什么都不做的人存在于世的意义……谨以此文记录一些我读书过程中的随想。

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倾诉

在打开这本书之前,我默认大家的理想的倾诉对象都会是与自己有关系的人:比如关系很好、三观类似的朋友;比如感情好的伴侣或者亲人。怎么会有人想要雇佣一个毫无关系的人来听自己心底的想法呢?这样对陌生人诉说的意义何在?但这本书刷新了我对于“人类倾诉”这件事的认知。

书中提到,有些事情人们不愿意和亲近的人说,而更愿意和此生也许只是相逢一次的陌生人倾诉。比如rental person的一位客户曾与他倾诉自己是奥姆真理教教众的经历,并且分享了自己“大逆不道”的感受:觉得教中众人都甚好,且认为东京毒气事件是政府栽赃于教主的。这位客户内心深处的秘密无处与任何人诉说,却可以和完全陌生的工具人rental person毫无保留地和盘托出。

rental person补充道:“有时和亲近的人交往,需要有来有往,保持平衡。”在与友人的交往中,如果说了太多自己的事情,即有可能打破平衡,在对方心中变成索取无度的一方。如此需要小心翼翼地维持的所谓交往的“平衡之道”,我深以为然。而相反地,客户们和rental person讲述自己的故事时可以不需要顾虑任何事。rental person does nothing,他不需要被迫作出有价值的回应;而相应地,客户也不期待任何有意义的回应。这样的关系简单且轻松——双方都不需要维持那互相猜疑且易碎的社交的平衡感。

书里引用的一条推特提到:许多时候人们不愿与认识的人说心里话,或者花钱找人倾听——因为当有“关系”和“金钱”介入时,倾听方总企图想要替别人“厘清倾诉人的事情”,而大部分的时候人们并不需要这样的回应。甚至有人说,“厘清事情”只会把一切越搅越黄——给予自身观点和建议会造成更多的伤害,而不是带来有益的影响。这段观察也十分精准:基于自己的立场和经历,口气强硬地要为他人整理好生活、提出一些别人不需要的建议,在如今变成了一种十分讨人厌的行为。中文语境不就被称之为“爹味”嘛。

仔细一想,有些社交网络上的关系网也可以对标“倾诉者”与“陌生的倾听者”这个关系。如果大家除去网络关系之外,并无现实的交集,那么也就可以维持一种简单且平淡的关系:乐则和,不乐则散。这样的关系,与rental person和他的客户的关系不也十分类似么?不管是否维系与陌生网友的关系,最终并不会对自己现实的关系网造成太大的影响。

不禁想到,有时候人们在社交网络上发文,并不期待互动,并不期待建议,而只是寻求一种“被人看见”的感受。当然了,如果不想被人看到,那为什么要公开发在网上呢?只要知道被看见,就已经能得到莫大的力量。而只要看见,无论互动与否,都已经是给予了对方力量。人类,复杂又简单。

友谊

关于友谊,书中提到了一件很有趣的例子。有一个客户收到了一位朋友的结婚请柬,但她自认为与结婚双方没有熟悉到要付出时间和金钱去参加婚礼的地步。单纯地谎称有事,而不参加他人婚礼,在东亚社会想来是一件很有负罪感的事情。于是客户选择找到rental person,与他约定在婚礼当天见面。如此一来客户相当于事先有约,也就可以顺利推辞掉这位朋友的婚礼邀请。但同时,为了省出当天留给自己的时间,客户又希望rental person在婚礼早上给她发消息,取消这个会面。如此一来,客户既不算是说了谎,又节省了那天的行程。这或许能缓解她内心的负罪感。

但这到底是不是一个谎言呢?婚礼当天早上rental person完全忘记了发消息取消这个约定,导致客户借口不去婚礼这件事,板上钉钉地变成了谎言。这件事情让我想到了在东亚语境下的人际交往中所需要遵循的各种繁文缛节,和为了维持一系列关系所充斥着的不愉快。如此费劲心思地找借口,显然是是一种避免潜在冲突的逃避之法。如果这位客户直说不想去这场婚礼,在“结婚是一件人生大事”的文化中,恐怕会让她与朋友的关系难以为继。人际交往无法随心所欲。

相应地,有人在推特上对rental person 表示感谢:客户只需要花少量的钱,就可以跟他倾诉几个小时。并且因为现实中没有任何交织在一起的人际关系,因此不需要在言语措辞上顾虑许多。而反直觉的是,友谊却是一个需要大量时间和金钱来维护的东西。

这里还有一些有趣的观察,友谊需要被小心谨慎的对待:当朋友借给你一些她喜欢的书影音时,你在归还的过程中总需要给一些回馈。如果恰好你们的意见并不那么一致,那么你还得小心斟酌地用词。更别说有时候你们或许会因为不舒服的沟通方式而闹出一些不愉快。

若是用经济的方式算一笔账:深入的友谊,在时间、金钱和情绪上,都需要一个人付出许多的价值来维护。或大或小的摩擦、不同的人生轨迹、一方的退却,都会让双方过去付出的一切变成沉没成本。

性别

另外有些思考,即关于rental person的一些标签:“性别男”、“已婚”。已婚男这点使得很多客户(再此我认为是女性)表达了对他的放心,并愿意租赁他来共同做一些事情。我不由得想到日本还有大叔租赁这样持续了十二年的服务,rental person并不是唯一一个出租自己的人。而仔细一想,这些“租赁自身”的服务很难由女性提供。rental person提到最开始他并没有说自己是已婚时,有的客户即提出了性需求。我想若是女性,肯定会收到更多类似的要求。

另一位女性所决定成婚的这位男性,给了其他女性足够的安全感——这种性别的特定性也是rental person这本书中未提到,而细想唏嘘的部分。我不知道客户的男女比例有多少,但是从书中提到的很多故事中的人称代词来看,女性的客户还是非常多的。

不过话说回来,在日本,女性需要租赁另一个人来一起做一些事这件事竟然并不少见。这点也让我很惊讶。女性在公开活动中时常需要其他人的陪伴,是文化带来的压力吗?

我最喜欢的一个请求,也是成书时rental person在推特上转发、互动和点赞最多的一条请求,是由一位狗主人发送的。

狗主人提到每天遛狗时,狗因为喜欢人而想跟所有人互动。但是心思细腻的狗主人并不想麻烦到路人,因此会尽量把狗拉走。狗每天都为此而悲伤。为了让狗不那么悲伤一次,她邀请rental person来她平时遛狗的地方,装作一个什么都不知道的陌生人去摸摸狗,和狗互动。

rental person如约而至地来撸狗,狗十分开心。结束后,狗主人还给了他一张湿纸巾擦手。主人说她平时随身携带,就是为了一些给路过撸狗的陌生人……真是好贴心的主人。他离开后主人给他发私信说狗很难过,一直望着他走的方向,并且尾巴夹得紧紧的。

rental person说:这是一个只有人类能提供的服务,AI取代不了。而这个请求之所以动人,是因为它体现了一个主人对她宠物的爱。

思绪发散,站在窗边,看乌鸦叼着路边捡的食物起起伏伏地飞来飞去,又想到对象喜欢出去喂乌鸦。在那个特定时刻,对象需要的只是一只乌鸦在那里,接受她的食物,仅此而已。“喂乌鸦”这样一件不具有社会价值的举动,也是一个只有人类才会去做的事情。也许是乌鸦愿意接纳她的善意这件事,让她感到喜悦。而相对地,乌鸦不需要提供任何的物质价值——只需要享受那过期的坚果。其他生物仅仅是愿意接受她的食物,已经可以让她得到满足。

有时人类给予他者的爱是无私的——它并不来源于渴望索取客体所提供的价值,或向外展现一个强大的“自我”,它仅仅来源于他者存在的本身。在如今这样物欲横流的时代,人类群体中偶然的这些闪光瞬间仿佛浪里淘金,但光彩动人。

丛林法则

最令人深思的部分是rental person提到自己为何会成为一个“什么都不做的人”。当他仍然是社会打工人时,他年复一年地被期待着做相似的工作,相似的工作让他觉得无聊。不仅如此,每一次新的任务来临时,他需要用比原来更快的速度、更高的标准去完成,像一个在不断进化的工具。而当他写简历换工作时,他也必须以过去相似的经历来包装自己,并且要表现得积极向上,热爱工作,才能得到新的机会。除此以外,在公司架构变动中,还必须适应自己不曾想到的更难的挑战:比如从普通撰稿人,转换到指导他人写作的项目负责人。若是像他一样无法适应挑战,则需要容忍老板的辱骂:“你这样的人有什么用!”

rental person的工作生涯从教辅书撰稿人开始,到因受不了职能转换而辞职,到变成自由写作者,到被委托大量重复性工作,到彻底结束打工人生活——什么都不做,仿佛是对资本主义社会中,主流工作观的一种默默地反叛。

不同于大部分东亚人,他选择了宽容自己,拒绝融入社会主流。这样的选择或许来源于他亲兄妹的经历:rental person的哥哥因为考学失败,彻底失去生活的信心,而在家中当上废柴,如此已经几十年;而妹妹则是因为大学毕业后一年多都找不到工作,灰心丧气地选择了自杀。社会的共识不需要被明说:“什么都不做的人”不被这个社会所接受,“什么都不做的人”即是“无用的废物”。这样的社会压力潜移默化地压制在每一个人身上,让那些身不由己脱离了主流轨道的人无所适从。即使他兄妹身边亲人、朋友、爱人一直爱着这样在社会价值中“无用”的人,并希望他们一直幸福地生存下去,他们自己也最终无法接受社会默认标准下“无用的自己”而致于精神被完全压垮,选择永久地离开这个社会。

探索一个不提供社会价值的人是否可以继续在社会上生存,可以生存多久。这就是他开始这件事的初衷。

在这个当下承受了社会的种种拒绝,我无法做到自己想做的事,显得如此“无用”之时,这本书给了我一些安慰和反思:每个人其实没有那么特别,但又是不可或缺的。或许我们都在这样的一个个价值变换浮沉的瞬间里生存,也并不需要纠结并斤斤计较哪一个瞬间我是必不可少的“我”,而不只是一个人的符号。生而为人还是可以做有一些只有人类才能办得到的事情,或许这样已经有足够的慰藉。

书的最后rental person提到,他刚出生的孩子给他带来了很多思考。孩子什么都不做,但仍然会得到食物、住所和生存所需的资源,以及人类的爱。孩子可以完全做自己:比如不喜欢吃的东西直接吐出来,比如不开心时就哇哇大哭。但是在某一个时刻,他们为了生存,接受了社会的法则,长大变成了成人,从而打破了他们自己曾经单纯真挚的壳。他希望每个人能像孩子那样生存下去,这样他也就能变成社会主流,“什么都不做”般地生存下去,而不会受到什么非议。

虽然这个愿望充满了吸引力,但这十分理想化。我不由得想到那些刚出生即被父母遗弃的孩子,因为缺陷而受到歧视的孩子,因为显得弱小而被霸凌的孩子……我想人类文明的发展仍然是无法摆脱丛林属性的:人人都获得物质上的平等永远是天方夜谭,获得精神上的平等也难于登天。即使露出冰面的愿望再美好,冰山之下仍然是野性争夺的丛林。

但正是这些常态化的黑暗面的存在,才使得偶然存在的光明面如此闪耀,这二者相辅相成,都将不以人的意志为转移而一直存在下去。不过谢谢这本书给这样险恶的丛林带来这些善的部分,带来这些思考,甚至带来这样充满着冒险的“不产生任何社会价值”的实验。放弃也好,拼搏也好,rental person给了我一些继续生存下去的动力。

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English Version

While this book is a work of non-fiction, this review may touch upon its content, potentially affecting the experience of first-time readers. Therefore, if interested, please read the original book before proceeding with this article.

Encountering this book was serendipitous for my spouse and me as we browsed the new releases section of the library. My spouse picked up the last copy of “Rental Person Who Does Nothing” from the shelf, and as she flipped through it, another person hurried over, leaving us with a cryptic remark: “It’s an interesting book. Very funny. Very interesting.” Then she vanished as swiftly as they appeared. It was our first encounter with such spontaneous, face-to-face recommendations from an American acquaintance. Out of curiosity, my spouse brought the book home.

Initially disinterested, as an unwillingly-unemployed person with ample time and plenty of anxieties, I casually opened the book at home. Little did I expect to be completely engrossed after the first paragraph: a Tokyo-born and bred Japanese person advertise himself as a “do-nothing person” to rent out his time and energy almost for free. What kind of stories would emerge from this setup? And who are the people in need of renting such a person? The preface and afterword even mention that the rental person isn’t the author; he only responded to the questions posed by the organizer, with the actual writing of the book done by someone else, truly living up to the philosophy of “do nothing.”

This book isn’t particularly literary—perhaps due to being a translated text or the rental person’s philosophical adherence to doing nothing—the writing throughout is quite straightforward. Moreover, the final two chapters contain a lot of repetition, which can be tiresome. However, the creativity behind “doing nothing” as a way of life and the stories it spawns have given me much to ponder: relationships, friendships, and the meaning of the existence of people who do nothing in the world. Herein lies a record of some musings I had during my reading journey.

Confessions

Before delving into this book, I assumed that everyone’s ideal confidant would be someone they have a connection with: like close friends with similar values or partners and family with strong emotional bonds. How could anyone want to hire a stranger to listen to their innermost thoughts? What’s the point of confiding in a stranger? However, this book has reshaped my understanding of “human confessions.”

It mentions that there are things people are reluctant to share with those close to them. Instead, they prefer to confide in strangers they may only meet once in their lifetime. For instance, one of the rental person’s clients confided in him about his experience as a member of the Aum Shinrikyo cult. He felt that everyone in the cult was kind and believed that the Tokyo sarin attack was orchestrated by the government. This client harbored deep-seated secrets that they couldn’t share with anyone but the completely unknown rental person.

The rental person adds, “Sometimes, in relationships with close friends, there needs to be a balance.” In interactions with friends, if one shares too much about themselves, it can potentially upset the balance and make them appear overly demanding. This so-called “balance of interaction” that needs to be carefully maintained resonates deeply with me. Conversely, when clients tell their stories to the rental person, they needn’t worry about anything. The rental person does nothing; they don’t need to offer valuable responses, and correspondingly, clients don’t expect any meaningful responses. This relationship is simple and easy—neither side needs to maintain the delicate balance of mutual suspicion and fragility that comes with social interactions.

A tweet quoted in the book mentions that often people are unwilling to confide in acquaintances or pay for someone to listen because when “relationships” and “money” come into play, the listener always tries to “clarify the confessor’s situation” for them, something that most of the time, people don’t need. Some even say that “clarifying things” only makes everything more confusing—giving personal opinions and advice can cause more harm than good. This observation is spot-on: forcefully trying to organize someone else’s life and offering unwanted advice based on one’s own perspective and experiences has become quite irritating nowadays. In the Chinese context, this behavior is often referred to as “daddy behavior.”

Upon reflection, some relationships on social networks can also be likened to the relationship between “confessors” and “strange listeners.” If there’s no real-life connection beyond the online network, then a simple and bland relationship can be maintained: enjoy together or disband. Isn’t this relationship similar to that between the rental person and their clients? Whether or not one maintains relationships with strangers online, it ultimately doesn’t have much impact on their real-life social networks.

It makes me wonder, sometimes people post on social networks not expecting interaction or advice, but merely seeking a feeling of “being seen.” Of course, if you don’t want to be seen, why post publicly online? Just knowing that you’re being seen can give you immense power. And just by seeing, regardless of interaction, you’re already empowering the other person. Humans, complex yet simple.

Friendship

Regarding friendship, the book mentions an intriguing example. One client received a wedding invitation from a friend, but she felt she wasn’t close enough to the couple to invest time and money in attending the wedding. Simply fabricating an excuse not to attend someone’s wedding is considered quite guilt-inducing in East Asian society. So, the client chose to reach out to the rental person and arranged to meet him on the day of the wedding. By doing so, the client effectively had a prior engagement and could politely decline the wedding invitation. However, to free up her schedule for the day, the client also hoped the rental person would send her a message in the morning of the wedding, canceling their meeting. This way, the client wouldn’t technically be lying and could save her time for the day. Perhaps this could alleviate her sense of guilt.

But was this really a lie? On the morning of the wedding, the rental person completely forgot to send a message canceling the appointment, resulting in the client using the excuse not to attend the wedding—a lie. This incident reminded me of the various formalities that need to be followed in interpersonal relationships in East Asian contexts and the unpleasantness that pervades to maintain a series of relationships. Going to such lengths to find excuses is evidently a way to avoid potential conflicts. If this client had simply stated that she didn’t want to attend the wedding, in a culture where “marriage is a major life event,” it might have strained her friendship with the friend. Interpersonal relationships cannot always be handled as one wishes.

In response, some expressed gratitude to the rental person on Twitter: clients only need to spend a small amount of money to confide in him for a few hours. And because there are no intertwined interpersonal relationships in reality, there’s no need to worry about the wording. Counterintuitively, friendship requires a significant investment of time and money to maintain.

There are some other interesting observations here: friendship requires careful handling. When a friend lends you some of her favorite books or media, you always need to give some feedback during the return process. If your opinions happen to differ, you still need to be cautious in your choice of words. Not to mention that sometimes you may have some unpleasantness due to uncomfortable communication methods.

If we were to calculate it economically: deep friendships require a person to invest a great deal of value in terms of time, money, and emotions to maintain. Frictions, different life trajectories, or one party’s retreat can turn everything both parties have invested into sunk costs, whether large or small.

Gender

Additionally, there are some reflections on certain labels attached to the rental person: “male” and “married.” Being a married man has made many clients (whom I believe are predominantly female) express trust in him and be willing to rent him to do things together. It inevitably brings to mind the service of renting “uncles” in Japan, which has been going on for twelve years. The rental person is not the only one renting themselves out. Upon careful consideration, it’s challenging for women to provide such “renting oneself” services. The rental person mentioned that some clients expressed sexual demands when he didn’t initially disclose his marital status. I imagine if he were a woman, she would undoubtedly receive more similar requests.

The decision of another woman to marry this man gave other women a sense of security—this gender-specific aspect is not mentioned in the rental person’s book, but it’s a poignant detail upon closer reflection. I’m not sure about the gender ratio of clients, but judging from the pronouns used in many stories mentioned in the book, there are indeed many female clients.

However, on another note, in Japan, it’s not uncommon for women to rent another person to do things together. This fact also surprised me. Is it cultural pressure that often requires women to have companionship in public activities?

Love

One of my favorite requests, and also the one with the most retweets, interactions, and likes when it was posted, was from a dog owner.

The dog owner mentioned that every time she walk her dog, the dog wants to interact with everyone because it loves people. However, being considerate, the dog owner doesn’t want to inconvenience strangers, so she try to pull the dog away. This makes the dog sad every day. To cheer the dog up, she invited the rental person to the usual walking spot and pretended to be a stranger who wanted to pet the dog and interact with it.

The rental person arrived as agreed and petted the dog, making it very happy. Afterward, the dog owner even gave him a wet wipe to clean his hands. She said she always carries them for strangers who stop to pet the dog… such a thoughtful owner. After he left, she sent him a private message saying the dog was sad, watching him walk away, with its tail tucked tightly.

The rental person said: This is a service that only humans can provide, AI cannot replace it. And what makes this request so touching is that it reflects the love a owner has for her pet.

As my thoughts wander, standing by the window, watching the crows flying up and down with food they found on the roadside, I also think of how much my partner enjoys feeding crows. At that moment, all my partner needs is a crow there to accept her food, nothing more. Feeding crows, an act devoid of social value, is also something only humans would do. Perhaps it’s the fact that the crows are willing to accept her goodwill that brings her joy. And in return, the crows don’t need to provide any material value—they simply enjoy the expired nuts. The willingness of other creatures to accept her offering is enough to satisfy her.

Sometimes, the love humans give to others is selfless—it doesn’t stem from a desire to extract value from the object of affection or to project a powerful “self” outwardly; it simply comes from the existence of others themselves. In today’s materialistic world, these occasional moments of brilliance within the human collective are like finding gold in the waves, shining brightly and movingly.

The Society Is A Jungle

One of the most thought-provoking aspects is when the rental person talks about why he became a “person who does nothing.” When he was still a worker in society, he found himself doing similar tasks year after year, which made him feel bored. Not only that, every time a new task came, he had to complete it at a faster pace and with higher standards, like a tool evolving constantly. When he wrote his resume to switch jobs, he had to package himself with similar past experiences and show enthusiasm to get new opportunities. Moreover, during changes in the company structure, he had to adapt to even more challenging tasks that he had never anticipated, such as transitioning from a regular content writer to a project manager guiding others in writing. If one couldn’t adapt to the challenges like him, they had to endure the boss’s insults: “What use are you!”

The rental person’s career journey started as a textbook writer, then he resigned due to the inability to cope with role changes, became a freelance writer, took on a lot of repetitive work, and ultimately ended his life as a worker—doing nothing, seemed like a silent rebellion against the mainstream work culture in capitalist society.

Unlike most East Asians, he chose to follow his heart and refused to integrate into the mainstream society. Perhaps this choice stems from the experiences of his siblings: his brother lost confidence in life due to failing the entrance exam and became a “loser” at home for decades; while his sister, after graduating from college, couldn’t find a job for over a year, lost hope, and chose suicide. The consensus of society doesn’t need to be explicitly stated: “a person who does nothing” is not accepted by society, and “a person who does nothing” is considered “useless waste.” This societal pressure subtly suppresses everyone, leaving those involuntarily detached from the mainstream at a loss. Even though his siblings are loved by family, friends, and partners, and they hope they can live happily, they ultimately cannot accept being considered “useless” by society’s default standards and end up completely crushed mentally, choosing to permanently leave this society.

Exploring whether a person who doesn’t provide social value can continue to survive in society and how long they can survive. That was his original intention for starting this experiment.

In the midst of enduring various rejections from society, feeling so “useless” that I couldn’t do what I wanted to do, this book gave me some comfort and reflection: everyone isn’t as special as they think, but they are indispensable. Perhaps we are all just surviving in such moments of value fluctuation, and we don’t need to be entangled in which moment I am an indispensable “me,” rather than just a symbol of a person. Being human still allows us to do some things that only humans can do, and perhaps that is enough consolation.

At the end of the book, the rental person mentioned that his newborn child brought him a lot of contemplation. Babies do nothing, yet they still receive food, shelter, and the resources necessary for survival, as well as human love. Babies can just be themselves: for example, spitting out food they don’t like directly or crying loudly when unhappy. But at some point, they accept the rules of society for survival, grow up to become adults, and break through their once simple and sincere shells. He hopes everyone can survive like children, so he can also live on like the mainstream, “doing nothing,” without any criticism.

Although this wish is attractive, it is highly idealized. I can’t help but think of those babies who are abandoned by their parents immediately after birth, discriminated against because of their disabilities, or bullied because they seem weak… The development of human civilization is still unable to escape its jungle attributes: achieving material equality for everyone is always a pipe dream, and achieving spiritual equality is also extremely difficult. Even if the desire beneath the surface seems beautiful, underneath the iceberg, the jungle of wild competition still exists.

However, it is the existence of these normalized dark sides that makes the occasional bright sides shine so brightly. These two complement each other and will continue to exist regardless of human will. Nevertheless, thanks to this book for bringing these good aspects to such a perilous jungle, for bringing these thoughts, and even for bringing such adventurous experiments of “producing no social value.” Whether giving up or striving, the rental person has given me some motivation to continue surviving.

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